بررسی اثرات ضد قارچی چند گونه قارچ Trichoderma spp. در مقابل چند بیمارگر خاکزاد عامل پوسیدگی غده گیاه سیر در شرایط آزمایشگاهی.

Trichoderma spp. are belonging to the group of compatible antagonist fungi in various biological situations and have a great importance in the biological control of varies plant pathogens. Garlic is a valuable plant in food industry and agriculture that biological control of its soil-borne fungi plant pathogens is one of the most important parts at the management of plant diseases. In this study antifungal activity of three species; T. atroviride 6022, T. harzianum Ah90 and T. virens 6011 were used against Fusarium oxysporum 7391, F. proliferatum pc91, F. solani pc13 and Scelerotinia sclerotiorum NAO171 were evaluated by using dual-culture method under in vitro condition. The first test was by culturing two antagonist and pathogenic fungi simultaneously in PDA medium. Second test was by placing the antagonistic fungi after 72 hours of culturing pathogenic fungi in petri dishes containing PDA medium. Three replicates were performed for each treatment and data were analysed under in a Randomized Complete Design. At the first test; T. atroviride 6022 was inhibited the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum 7391, F. proliferatum pc91, F. solani pc13 and S. sclerotiorum NAO171 by 87.46, 91.09, 86.89 and 95.17% respectively, which had the best performance compared to other antagonist species. At the second test; T. atroviride 6022 was inhibited the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum 7391, F. proliferatum pc91, F. solani pc13 and S. sclerotiorum NAO171 by 72.83%, 69.36%, 68.84% and 74.13% respectively, which also had better performance than two other species of T. harzianum Ah90 and T. virens 6011. Microscopic studies showed clearly the parasitism of pathogenic fungi mycelium by coiling around mycelia when mycelial mass of pathogenic and antagonistic fungi reached together. The absence of macroconidia in the presence of T. atroviride 6022 was observed compared to control treatment. Also, no sclerotium formation was observed at the treatment with S. sclerotiorum NAO171. According to the data obtained, T. atroviride 6022 probably can control soil-born plant pathogen fungi of Garlic plant and could be used as an effective bio-control agent in the future. However, more comprehensive researches are needed.