بررسی درون گلخانه‌ایی اثرات مهار کننده قارچ Trichoderma atroviride در مقابل چند قارچ بیمارگر فوزاریومی گیاه سیر

Trichoderma atroviride acts as a known biocontrol agent against a wide range of plant pathogens. Bulbs are the most commonly used part of the Garlic plant, which are severely damaged by Fusarium spp. plant-pathogens in all around the world. These fungi are among the most important pathogens of the garlic plant, which cause damage even after harvesting in storage. In this research, the antagonistic activity of T. atroviride 6022 against F. oxysporum 7391, F. proliferatum pc91, and F. solani pc13 under in vivo condition. Fungal isolates were obtained from the Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Garlic Tarom-cultivar was used in this research as plant-host. The potting soil was combined of 54% soil, 36% sand and 10% fully decomposed manure, which sterilized twice before bulb cultivation. In order to inoculate soil with pathogenic fungi, wheat seed inoculum was used at the rate of 45 g/kg. After the pathogen inoculation to the soil, the pots were given two weeks at room temperature for pathogen stabilization. In order to inoculate T. atroviride 6022 to the garlic-bulbs, a suspension containing 1010 fungal spores was prepared by the hemocytometer and garlic-bulbs were placed in this suspension for 10 minutes. The bulbs were planted six centimetres deep in the pooting soil. Pots were incubated in a germinator with 45% humidity, 23 ± 2 ºC and 14 hours of light and 10 hours of darkness. Three replications were done for each treatment. After 30 days of plan cultivation, leaf length, root length, stem height, fresh and dry weight of the plant were measured and statistically analysed under in Complete Random Design. The results showed that the T. atroviride 6022 has the ability to control F. oxysporum 7391, F. proliferatum pc91, F. solani pc13 in soil. Disease symptoms such as yellowing, wilting and drying similar to the treatment of control treatment were not observed in the inoculated plants with T. atroviride 6022. The pathogenic fungus F. oxysporum 7391 was better controlled than the other two pathogens, which the length of leaves, stems and roots as well as the fresh and dry weight of the plants compared to the infected plants with F. oxysporum 7391 were increased by 3.14, 4.16, 4.56, 2.72 and 3.26 times respectively. According to the obtained data, T. atroviride 6022 can be used to biologically control Fusarium spp., at the agricultural field conditions, although more complete research should be done.