ارزیابی تاثیر اسید سالسیلیک و جاسمونیک روی میزان تخم‌ریزی سن شکارگر Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur (Hemiptera: Miridae) روی گوجه فرنگی

Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur is an herbivorous-carnivorous predatory mirid bug that is used against most of the important pests. Hence, identifying and applying ways that can be used for enhancing the efficiency of predation using the positive characteristics of the host plant can be an effective step in using this predator in integrated pest management. Induced resistance is improved by herbivores or some elicitors in the plant which include the production of volatiles that increase the biosynthesis of some certain compounds such as anti-herbivores toxins and inhibitors. These compounds act against herbivores by reducing its development, viability and reproduction. Induced resistance against one insect can have a positive or negative effect on other species such as predators. Jasmonic acid and salicylic acid are the most famous elicitors affecting phytohormones that are important in induced resistance. In this research, the effect of spraying tow elicitors such as salicylic acid and Jasmonic acid and one mutant def-1 cultivar (Castelmart cultivar that disturbed production path of Jasmonic acid) on macrolophus oviposition on tomato plant in the presence and absence of ephestia eggs was evaluated. This study was performed at the University of Amsterdam under laboratory conditions (25±1oC, 65±5% RH and 16:8 h (L: D). The experimental treatments included Newton cultivar with water spraying, salicylic acid spraying (200ppm) and Jasmonic acid spraying 0.05 mM, def-1 mutant cultivar with water spraying and Castelmart cultivar with water spraying. All treatments were performed with the presence of 4 pairs of macrolophus (4 males and 4 females with 0-2 days age without feeding of ephestia eggs) 4 replicates with Ephestia sp. eggs and 4 replicate without Ephestia sp. eggs. The release of the mirids took place one day after spraying and the removal of the predators two days after the release. In this experiment, the number of appeared nymphs were counted and compared. Data were analyzed using SAS software (9.1) and GLM process. According to the results, the effect of cultivars and treatments was significant deferent at the level of 5% and 1% respectively and the highest oviposition was obtained on the treatment of def-1 cultivar in the absence of Ephesta sp, eggs with 15.87±2.28 eggs and the lowest on Newton cultivars with salicylic acid spraying in the presence of Ephestia sp. eggs with 6.25±2.32 eggs. The results showed that due to the negative effect of Salicylic acid and Jasmonic acid spray on oviposition of M. pygmaeus, it is not recommended to select the mentioned material for integrated pest management using the M. pygmaeus even with the supply of animal protein source (ephestia eggs).