بررسی هموزیگوسیتی آلل های جنسی و ربطه آن با تولید عسل در جمعیت های زنبورعسل(Apis mellifera meda) استان اردبیل

The genetic mechanism of sex determination in honeybees imposes severe restriction on its breeding systems. In relationship mating, homozygosity of sexual alleles is affected by the degree of relationship of male bees with the queen. The high degree of relationship between the queen and the male bees leads to increase the homozygosity of sex alleles and producess more larvae of diploid male bees. These larvae of diploid male bees are eaten by worker bees 6 hours after hatching from their eggs. As a result, a number of sex alleles are eliminated in the community, and the number of sex alleles is reduced. Therefore, survival of bees, population and performance of colonies are decreases. In the present study, in order to estimate homozygosity of sex alleles in honeybee populations of Ardabil province and its relationship with honey production, 160 colonies of honeybee were studied in 2019. In this study, four cities Ardabil, Meshgin Shahr, Parsabad and Khalkhal from this province, four apiaries above 200 colonies from each city, 10 colonies from each apiary and two frames from each colony were selected and measured. Measurements were done according to the instructions of Ruttner (1988) and Page (2002). In current study, all colonies hah identical management conditions and were equalized in terms of queen age and population. The results showed that the average homozygosity of sex alleles of honeybee colonies this province was 28/1%. The highest and the lowest homozygosity percentage of sex alleles were observed in Parsabab and Ardabil cities, respectively. Correlation analysis was conducted between honey production and homozygosity percentage of sex alleles of studied honeybee colonies. The results showed that the correlation between honey production and homozygosity percentage of sex alleles of studied honeybee colonies was negative and significant. The results of current study can be used to protect, improvement and breeding of honeybee populations of this province in the future.