بررسی و مقایسه تأثیر ضدعفونی بذر با قارچکش‌های شیمیایی در کنترل بیماری‌های بذرزاد زیره سبز

Infected seeds by seed-borne fungi and associated with seeds significantly affects germination and vigor indices and also reduces quality seed and seedling health. It seems that the use of seed disinfection methods before planting has successfully improved germination indicators and seedling health. In this research, the efficacy of Rovral-TS (Iprodione + Carbendazim), Mancozeb and Captan fungicides on fungi growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternate were evaluated by mixing with culture medium and effect of seed disinfection by these fungicides on control of seed-borne diseases in vitro and greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design with four replications. Traits measured in greenhouse included abnormal seedling percentage, percentage and average germination time and weight and length index of vigor. Traits measured in greenhouse included abnormal seedling percentage, percentage and average germination time and length and weight vigor index. The results of this study showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Rovral-TS, Mancozeb and Captan fungicides for A. alternata were 1793, 1960 and 2605 ppm, respectively, and for F. oxysporum were 958, 1056 and 1893 ppm, respectively. In greenhouse condition, Rovral-TS fungicide at MIC concentration compared to Mancozeb and Captan fungicides caused a greater decrease in the incidence and severity of the disease and a significant increase in the percentage of abnormal seedlings, percentage and average germination time, and weight and length index of vigor compared to the control. In greenhouse condition, Rovral-TS fungicide at MIC concentration compared to Mancozeb and Captan fungicides lead to a further decrease in incidence and severity of diseases as well as the percentage of abnormal seedlings, and on the other hand, a significant increase in the percentage and average germination time, and weight and length index of vigor compared to the control. The rate of transmission of Fusarium wilt and Alternaria blight diseases from contaminated seeds to the seedling were 54% and 21%, respectively. But after seed disinfection, with Rovral-TS, Mancozeb and Captan fungicides, the transmission rate of the disease caused by F. oxysporum to seedling decreased by 21, 15 and 7%, respectively, and also the disease caused by A. alternata to seedling decreased by 11, 7 and 4%, respectively. The results showed that seed pretreatment by appropriate fungicides, especially Rovral-TS, while improving germination and vigor indices, leading to reduce the incidence of seed-borne cumin diseases like Fusarium wilt and Alternaria blight.