نانوکپسوله کردن مونوترپنوئیدهای 1،8-سینئول و تیمول با استفاده از زئولیت ‏A4‎‏ جهت افزایش دوام سمیت ‏تدخینی آنها روی ‏Tetranychus urticae Koch

Due to detrimental side-effects of synthetic pesticide application such as environmental contamination and the ‎development of pest resistance, an interest in botanical-based pesticides has increased in recent years. The ‎pesticidal effects of plant essential oils and their main components especially monoterpenoids have been ‎reported on several groups of insects and mites. However, based on sensitivity to the light, oxygen and high ‎temperatures, these agents are environmentally unstable. Therefore, introducing novel formulations to enhance ‎their stability may be ideal. In the present study, 1,8-cineole and thymol monoterpenoids, introduced by high ‎pesticidal potential, were nanoencapsulated by the mesoporous material zeolite A4 to enhance the stability of ‎fumigant toxicity against two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Seventy percentage lethal ‎concentrations (LC70) were selected for nanoencapsulation of 1,8-cineole and thymol; 6.07 µl/l and 4.28 mg/l, ‎respectively. The encapsulation efficiency of 1,8-cineole and thymol in zeolite A4 were calculated as 93.45 ± ‎‎1.50% and 94.17 ± 0.83%. The encapsulated monoterpenoids was assessed by SEM and their nano size (less ‎than 100 nm) was distinguished. Nanoencapsulation of 1,8-cineole and thymol by zeolite A4 prolonged the ‎stability of both monoterpenoids so that their fumigant toxicity persistence from 4 and 6 days in pure ‎formulations reached to 25 and 32 days for nanoencapsulated ones, respectively. According to the results of ‎present study, the nanoencapsulation of 1,8-cineole and thymol by zeolite A4 is an appropriate technique to ‎overcome their low fumigant stability and can be recommended for further studies in the management of T. ‎urticae.‎