تولید لاین‌های مقاوم به زنگ زرد گندم از طریق فنآوری دابل هاپلوئیدی

Yellow rust disease (Puccinia striiformis f. Sp. Tritici) is the most important wheat disease in Iran that is observed in the most parts of the country and during the epidemic years, it causes severe damage to wheat yield. In the warm and humid agro-climatic zone of northern Iran, due to high relative humidity, fungal diseases, (especially yellow rust) threat to wheat production. Cultivation of resistant cultivars is the best way to control yellow rust disease. Doubled haploid (DH) technique reduces the time required for the development of new varieties by up to almost five years. In this study 243 doubled haploid wheat lines were evaluated as observational approach for yellow rust disease in Gorgan agricultural research station in the 2018-19 cropping season, produced from the F2 generation. To further spread the yellow rust infection, Falat cultivar (susceptible) was cultivated in the margin of the trail. Tirgan cultivar was also used as a resistant control. After complete establishment of the disease on the susceptible cultivar (80S) in the adult plant stage, taking notes in the stage of flag leaf emergence were recorded, five plant from each plot, based on the infection type, as susceptible (S), Moderately susceptible (MS), resistant (R), Moderately resistant (MR) and immune (O). Infection intensity was also graded from 0-100. The coefficient of infection (CI) was calculated by multiplying the Infection intensity in the constant values that is related to the plant response (O = 0, R = 0.2, MR = 0.4, MS = 0.8 and S = 1). Due to the favorable climatic conditions for the pathogen, in March and April, yellow rust disease was well established and spread. The results showed that based on the infection type, no signs of infection were observed in 50% of the lines (122 genotypes). Also, 18% of the lines (43 genotypes) were moderately resistant and 32% of the lines (78 genotypes) were susceptible to yellow rust. Based on coefficient of infection (CI), 17% of the lines (42 genotypes) were resistant, 13% of the lines (32 genotypes) were moderately resistant, 9% of the lines were moderately resistant to moderately susceptible (22 genotypes) and 10% of the lines (25 genotypes) were moderately susceptible. Other lines (50%) were immune to yellow rust. Considering the grain yield and other desirable agronomic traits, the superior lines were conducted to preliminary regional wheat yield trial (PRYWT) in the warm and humid agro-climatic zone of northern Iran.
Keywords: Warm and humid agro-climatic zone, Selection, Crossing, Immunity, Resistant.