فلور قارچ‌های اندوفیت گیاه سیب‌زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.) در دو منطقه از ایران

Endophytic fungi are defined as microorganisms, which in whole or a part of their life cycle, live inside healthy plant tissues without causing any apparent symptoms of disease or damage to their host. They may bring benefits to their hosts, such as enhancing host plant defense, limiting pathogens damage, modulating seedling development by producing plant signal molecules and growth regulators, and inducing tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from mature and healthy potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) samples collected during the summer and winter of 2018 from two regions of Iran, Ardebil and south Kerman. Surface disinfestation was carried out by immersing the samples in 70% ethanol for two minutes, 5% sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes, and then washed three times in sterile distilled water. At all, 25 genera and 28 species were identified. Alternaria and Fusarium were the dominant genera in the foliage (leaves and stems), and underground parts (roots, and tubers) of potato plants, respectively. Eighty-six isolates of Fusarium were identified by multi locus sequencing of the ITS, tub2 and tef1 genomic regions in eleven species including F. brachygibbosum, F. clavum, F. equiseti, F. flocciferum, F. nygamai, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. redolens, F. sambucinum, F. solani, and F. thapsinum. Ninety-four Alternaria, were identified by the gapdh and calm in seven species including A. alternata, A. tenuissima, A. lini, A. arborescens, A. atra, A. consortialis, and A. viburni. Twelve isolates of Trichoderma were examined based on the ITS, tub2 and tef1, also twelve isolates of Clonostachys by the ITS and tef1 and consequently T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum and Cl. rosea were identified. Two isolates of Neoscytalidium were identified as N. dimidiatum according to sequences of ITS and tef1. As well as, one isolate of Trichocladium, Chaetomium, and Acrostalagmus were selected and identified by ITS as T. acropullum, Ch. Acropullum and Ac. luteoalbus. All the identified species also examined and verified morphologically. Among the identified species, seven Fusarium species viz. F. brachygibosum, F. clavum, F. equiseti, F. flocciferum, F. nygamai, F. proliferatum and F. thapsinum, all Alternaria species, except A. alternata, as well as T. longibrachiatum, C. rosea, T. acropullum, N. dimidiatum, Ch. Acropullum and A. luteoalbus are reported here for the first time as potato endophytic fungi. Also, F. nygamai, F. oxysporum, A. alternata, A. tenuissima, and A. arborescens were the most frequent recorded speciesin this study.