بررسی اثرکشندگی اسانس پونه، زیره و کاکوتی روی سوسک چهار نقطه‌ای حبوبات (Callosobruchus maculatus) در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

Legumes are an important source of protein, and hundreds of millions of these crops are destroyed each year by storage pests such as Bean beetles, Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Col.: Bruchidae). This insect is one of the most important pests of legumes, especially cowpea and due to the sensitivity of this product, it is damaged every year. It is common in the control of storage pests with chemical compounds and the use of plant essential oils. Therefore, in this study, the effect of peppermint, cumin and cactus essential oils and their combined effect as insecticides on Bean beetle, (C. maculatus) in laboratory condition and LC50 value by probiotic analysis of the effect of different concentrations after 24 hours was obtained. Also, one-way ANOVA analysis was used to evaluate the effect of combination treatments and Tukey test was used to compare the mean at the level of significance (P≤0). This experiment was performed at a temperature of 27 ± 1 °‌C and a relative humidity of 60 ± 5% in 8 hours of darkness and 16 hours of light. The LC50 calculated after 24 hours for Mentha pulegium, Carum carvi and Thymus vulgaris was (1.181, 3.271 and 1.089) microliters per liter of air, respectively, and indicates that the cockatiel was more effective on the Bean beetle. In the experiment of mixing plant compounds of M. pulegium plus Carum carvi, T. vulgaris plus M. pulegium and T. vulgaris plus C. carvi and control treatment 26, 30, 17.43 and 2.2% on mortality were recorded, respectively. Therefore, according to the results of this study, the combination of M. pulegium plus Carum carvi and T. vulgaris plus M. pulegium was recognized as the most effective compound in controlling this pest compared to other compounds. This study showed that plant essential oils can be used as a pesticide in integrated management of this pest.